Generally, an engine consists of two mechanisms and five systems. They are 、 、、、 、 and the lubrication system。

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TDC is the abbreviation(缩写) for ，ABS is the abbreviation for

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The lubrication system has fours functions, they are:、、、

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（翻译）Cars and other motor vehicle are constructed from a complex mix of raw materials. Steel(iron together with small amounts of additional minerals) forms the bulk of the motorcar-its primary use is in the body shell, the wheel,the drivertrain and parts of the engine. Other metals are also important,but to differing degrees.

Aluminium is used by a number of manufacturers for the body shell and for many engine components. Iron and zinc are also used for various components (including the exhaust system and engine blocks).Precious metals are becoming more important with the widespread use of catalytic converters.Copper and lead are also used(copper in wiring, lead in betteries)

The motor industry is therefore a major customer for metal producers, and the pproportion of metal consumption used in tuansport by the main developed countries is:

Iron and steel 30% Lead 46%

Aluminium 23% Platinum 41%(exhaust fume control)

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（翻译）The question of environmental impact therefore no longer remains a micro-consideration but becomes a macro-issue-affecting not only the developed countries that consumes materials but also an increasing number of developing countries that now produce them.

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（翻译） Because the disc is not enclosed all the way round ,the heat generated when the brakes are applied is dissipated very much more quickly than it is from brake shoes which are entirely enclosed inside a drum.

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（翻译）The basic job of the suspension system is to absorb the shocks caused by irregular road surfaces that would otherwise be transmitted to the vehicle and its occupants ,thus helping to keep the vehicle on a controlled and level course ,regardless of road condition.

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（翻译）Turning the steering wheel turns the steering shaft to which a worm gear is attached within the steering gear box.

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