ID：9406-6822 （翻译）Difference Between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Two major classes of cells, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, exist in nature and both types are used in industrial fermentation processes. The cellular properties of the two types are different. Bacterial cells belong to prokaryotes, and fungal yeast, animal and plant cells belong to eukaryotes. Both are used in fermentation processes. Eukaryotic cells have a distinct nucleus surrounded by a membrane, nuclear DNA is associated with proteins and exists as a definite structures celled chromosomes. The cells also contain other structures or organelles having specific physiological or biochemical functions, such as mitochondria（线粒体） and enzymes associated with these organelles which, but, are found in the protoplasm（原生质） and plasma membrane of prokaryotes. In contrast, prokaryotes lack a well-defined nucleus so that the genetic material in the form of double stranded DNA is not separated from other cell constituents by its own membrane. These cells also lack other specialized organelles present in eukaryotes. Bacteria may contain small DNA fragments (called plasmids) in addition to the single major genome.
ID：9406-6816 （翻译）Taxonomy reveals a great deal about the evolutionary relationships among organisms. A clade is a taxonomic unit whose members are derived from a common ancestor.
