（翻译）Populations of a species that are spread out over a broad geographical range are often arrayed in a cline-a gradual change in one or more characteristics as each population evolves adaptations to its own local environment.
（翻译）The establishment of L-glutamic acid fermentation provided a significant impetus to the development of microbial production of primary metabolites. Encouraged by the establishment of the L-glutamic acid fermentation, various research projects have been carried out in the attempt to isolate wild strains or derive genetic mutants producing various kinds of amino acids. As a result, almost all of the amino acids are now commercially produced by fermentation.
